{"language_default":"de","language_more":[],"ikmk_id":"2659","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Probus","inventory_number":"Slg. HC R344","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/www.ikmk.uni-tuebingen.de\/object?id=ID2659","permalink_source":"","publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":40,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/40","publisher_name":"Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-133511","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-133511","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-133511\/ID2659","legalBodyWeblink":"http:\/\/www.klassarch.uni-tuebingen.de","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/uni-tuebingen","author":"Papenberg, Jan"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"40","owner_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Klassische Arch\u00e4ologie der Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-134212","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-134212","owner_www_address":"http:\/\/www.ikmk.uni-tuebingen.de","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/uni-tuebingen","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/40","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"774","nominal_de":"Doppeldenar (ANT)","nominal_en":"Double Denarius","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/antoninianus","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4417146-8","info_de":"Das von Kaiser Caracalla (Alleinherrschaft 211\u2013217 n. Chr.) im Jahre 215 eingef\u00fchrte neue Silbernominal im Wert von zwei Denaren. Entspricht im Gewicht zu Anfang anderthalb alten Denaren (ungef\u00e4hr 5 g), unterliegt aber im Verlauf des 3. Jhs. n. Chr. einem zunehmenden Verlust an Gewicht und Feinheit. \u00c4u\u00dferes Kennzeichen sind der Kaiserkopf mit der Strahlenkrone bzw. die Kaiserinnenb\u00fcste auf der Mondsichel auf der Vorderseite. Kaiser Aurelianus versucht 274 n. Chr. eine Reform des zwischenzeitlich zur Kupferm\u00fcnze abgesunkenen Doppeldenares (auch Aurelianus genannt). Die dort in Erscheinung tretenden Wertkennzeichen XX I bzw. K A (20 zu 1) sind in ihrer Bedeutung noch umstritten (gleich 20 Sesterzen bzw. 5 Denare oder doch eher Hinweis auf Feingehalt (20 unedle Teile auf eines aus Silber)). Mit der M\u00fcnzreform des Diocletianus endete die Geschichte des Doppeldenares. Die Bezeichnung \u201eAntoninianus\u201c (abgeleitet vom offiziellen Namen des Caracalla) ist eine moderne Sch\u00f6pfung in Ermangelung einer \u00fcberlieferten antiken Bezeichnung.\r\n\r\nLit.: F. von Schr\u00f6tter, W\u00f6rterbuch der M\u00fcnzkunde (1930) 31. 36.","info_en":"","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/774"},"patronage":"Universit\u00e4tsbund e.V. T\u00fcbingen","date_last":"2022-12-11 17:52:23","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"29","coin_status_name_de":"Antike Herrscherpr\u00e4gung","coin_status_name_en":"Ancient Ruler's issue","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ruler","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/29"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"75","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/75","country_name_de":"T\u00fcrkei","country_name_en":"Turkey","country_nomisma_id":"","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/298795","ikmk_region_id":"408","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/408","region_name_de":"Syria","region_name_en":"Syria","region_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/syria","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"885","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/885","mint_name":"Antiocheia (Antakya)","mint_name_de":"Antiocheia (Antakya)","mint_name_en":"Antiochia (Antakya)","mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/antiocheia_syria","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/323779"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"21 mm","die_axis":"12 h","weight":"4.48 g","accession":"","access_year":"2005","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"2","access_type_name":"Stiftung","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4057542-1","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/2"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":null,"avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"IMP C M AVR PROBVS AVG","image_description":"Drapierte Panzerb\u00fcste des Probus mit Strahlenkrone in der Brustansicht nach r.","foto_date":"2019-02-11","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"11","photographer_name":"Stefan Krmnicek","photographer_gnd":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/111113538X","photographer_viaf":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/44147121735026391909"},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.ikmk.uni-tuebingen.de\/image\/ID2659\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/www.ikmk.uni-tuebingen.de\/image\/ID2659\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/info\/wwv\/ikmk\/data\/mk-edit\/images\/n2\/2659\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/www.ikmk.uni-tuebingen.de\/image\/ID2659\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/www.ikmk.uni-tuebingen.de\/image\/ID2659\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1604250083,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Institut f\u00fcr Klassische Arch\u00e4ologie der Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen, ID2659. Aufnahme durch Stefan Krmnicek.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Institut f\u00fcr Klassische Arch\u00e4ologie der Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen, ID2659. Photographs by Stefan Krmnicek."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"CLEMENTIA T-EMP \/\/ XXI","image_description":"Iupiter (r.) und Probus (l.) einander gegen\u00fcberstehend und je ein Zepter in der l. Hand haltend. Iupiter dem Probus einen Globus \u00fcbergebend. Als Beizeichen B und ein Punkt.","foto_date":"2019-02-11","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"11","photographer_name":"Stefan Krmnicek","photographer_gnd":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/111113538X","photographer_viaf":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/44147121735026391909"},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.ikmk.uni-tuebingen.de\/image\/ID2659\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/www.ikmk.uni-tuebingen.de\/image\/ID2659\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/info\/wwv\/ikmk\/data\/mk-edit\/images\/n2\/2659\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/www.ikmk.uni-tuebingen.de\/image\/ID2659\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/www.ikmk.uni-tuebingen.de\/image\/ID2659\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1604250083,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Institut f\u00fcr Klassische Arch\u00e4ologie der Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen, ID2659. Aufnahme durch Stefan Krmnicek.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Institut f\u00fcr Klassische Arch\u00e4ologie der Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen, ID2659. Photographs by Stefan Krmnicek."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"3","subdivision_name_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","subdivision_name_en":"Roman Imperial period"},"literatur":"RIC V-2 Nr. 921.","comment":"Einritzungen auf der Rs.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"4","name_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","name_en":null,"description_de":"30 v. - 283 n. Chr.","description_en":null,"concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/period\/4"},"year_start":"276","year_end":"282","date_verbal":"276-282 n. Chr.","year_islam":"0","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":78,"souce":"RIC V-2 Probus","number":"0921","similar":"0"}],"type_references":{"1749":"http:\/\/numismatics.org\/ocre\/id\/ric.5.pro.921"},"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/manufacture\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"54":{"ikmk_type_id":"54","type_name_de":"Dargestellte\/r","type_name_en":"Sitter","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/portrait","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300189844","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/54","items":{"1321":{"ikmk_person_id":"1321","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Probus","vitalDates":"232-282 n. Chr.","title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Probus","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118793446":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118793446","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Probus_(Kaiser)":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Probus_(Kaiser)","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marcus_Aurelius_Probus":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marcus_Aurelius_Probus","https:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/probus":"https:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/probus","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/72190445":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/72190445","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q187068":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q187068","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1321":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1321"}}}},"57":{"ikmk_type_id":"57","type_name_de":"Autorit\u00e4t","type_name_en":"Authority","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/authority","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1051614252","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/57","items":{"1321":{"ikmk_person_id":"1321","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Probus","vitalDates":"232-282 n. Chr.","title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Probus","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118793446":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118793446","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Probus_(Kaiser)":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Probus_(Kaiser)","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marcus_Aurelius_Probus":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marcus_Aurelius_Probus","https:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/probus":"https:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/probus","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/72190445":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/72190445","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q187068":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q187068","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1321":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1321"}}}}},"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"1","keyword_de":"Antike","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4068754-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300055818"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"45","keyword_de":"G\u00f6tter","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4021469-2","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300343850"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"44","keyword_de":"Herrscherrepr\u00e4sentation","keyword_gnd_uri":"","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"31","keyword_de":"M\u00fcnzstand: Antike Herrscher","keyword_gnd_uri":"","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"43","keyword_de":"Portr\u00e4ts","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4006627-7","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300015637"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"7","keyword_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit, 1. Jh. v. Chr.-3. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7512142-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword_de":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"26","keyword_de":"Vorderer Orient","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4068878-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300019571"}],"secondary_treatment":[{"ikmk_secondary_treatment_id":"5","item_de":"Graffito","item_en":"Graffito","description_de":"Eingeritzte Markierung mit einer Aussage im zeitgen\u00f6ssischen Umfeld.","description_en":"Lettering or similar mark incised into the surface of a coin that had meaning in the contemporary context of the coin.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/secondary_treatment\/5","concept":["http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4021791-7","http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/graffito","http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300015613","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q17514"]},{"ikmk_secondary_treatment_id":"6","item_de":"verkratzt","item_en":"scratched","description_de":"Ein oder mehrere Kratzer, absichtlich oder unabsichtlich beigebracht. Diese k\u00f6nnen auch durch die Bergung oder eine unsachgem\u00e4sse Reinigung bzw. Lagerung entstanden sein.","description_en":"One or more scratches, intentional or unintentional. Can be the result of recovery or subsequent handling of a coin or medal.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/secondary_treatment\/6","concept":["http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/scratched"]}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">PDM 1.0<\/a>.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}